Coordination Compounds

35 lessons, pages 2161–2195.

  1. What Is a Coordination Compound? — Central metal ions, ligands and coordination entities
  2. Primary and Secondary Valence in Werner Theory — Werner's distinction between ionisable charge and spatial coordination
  3. Werner's Cobalt-Ammonia Evidence — Precipitation and conductivity evidence for complex composition
  4. Coordination Sphere and Counter-Ions — Square-bracket formulas, inner-sphere ligands and outer-sphere ions
  5. Metal Oxidation State in Complexes — Formal charge balance with neutral and anionic ligands
  6. Coordination Number — Counting donor atoms and separating denticity from ligand count
  7. Ligands as Lewis Bases — Electron-pair donation to a metal Lewis acid
  8. Monodentate Ligands — Common neutral and charged one-site ligands
  9. Bidentate and Polydentate Ligands — Chelating donor atoms, ethylenediamine and EDTA
  10. Ambidentate Ligands — Alternative donor atoms in nitrite and thiocyanate
  11. Chelate Effect — Why multidentate ligands often enhance complex stability
  12. Common Coordination Geometries — Two-, four- and six-coordinate arrangements and their limits
  13. Naming Ligands and Counting Prefixes — Alphabetical ligand names, multiplicative prefixes and ligand spelling
  14. Naming the Metal and Oxidation State — Cationic, neutral and anionic complex names with Roman numerals
  15. Naming Coordination Salts — Cation-before-anion order and full formula-to-name practice
  16. Writing Formulas from Complex Names — Ligand counts, metal charges and counter-ion balance
  17. Structural Isomerism in Complexes — Connectivity changes without changing overall composition
  18. Ionisation Isomerism — Exchange between coordinated ligand and counter-ion
  19. Linkage Isomerism — Different donor atoms of one ambidentate ligand
  20. Coordination Isomerism — Ligand redistribution between complex cation and anion
  21. Geometrical Isomerism in Square-Planar Complexes — Cis and trans positions around four-coordinate metals
  22. Geometrical Isomerism in Octahedral Complexes — Cis/trans and facial/meridional ligand arrangements
  23. Optical Isomerism in Complexes — Nonsuperimposable mirror images and chirality tests
  24. Drawing and Counting Coordination Isomers — Symmetry, ligand patterns and avoiding duplicate structures
  25. Bonding Models for Coordination Compounds — Lewis donation, valence-bond language and model limitations
  26. Crystal Field Theory: Core Idea — Electrostatic ligand approach and d-orbital energy splitting
  27. Octahedral d-Orbital Splitting — Lower t2g and upper eg sets with octahedral ligands
  28. Tetrahedral d-Orbital Splitting — Reversed ordering, smaller splitting and typical spin behaviour
  29. Square-Planar Crystal Fields — Unequal d-orbital energies and four-coordinate alternatives
  30. High-Spin and Low-Spin Complexes — Competition between splitting energy and pairing energy
  31. Spectrochemical Series — Ligand-dependent splitting and the limits of a simple ranking
  32. Colour of Coordination Compounds — Visible absorption, complementary colour and charge-transfer caveats
  33. Magnetism of Coordination Compounds — Unpaired electrons, spin state and qualitative magnetic response
  34. Coordination Compounds in Use — Biological metal sites, chelation and analytical applications
  35. Coordination Compounds Review — Integrated nomenclature, isomerism and crystal-field reasoning