Bioinorganic Chemistry

30 lessons, pages 3786–3815.

  1. Metal Ions in Living Systems — Why biological chemistry uses metal coordination and redox activity
  2. Biological Ligands and Coordination Sites — Histidine, cysteine, carboxylate, porphyrin and water donors
  3. Metal Binding Affinity and Selectivity — Competition, conditional stability and the Irving-Williams trend
  4. Ligand Field Effects in Metalloproteins — Geometry, spin state and electronic structure at protein metal sites
  5. Redox Potentials in Proteins — How ligands and protein environments tune electron transfer
  6. Porphyrins and the Heme Group — Macrocycle coordination and the chemical roles of iron porphyrins
  7. Myoglobin and Oxygen Binding — Reversible O2 binding at a single heme site
  8. Hemoglobin Structure and Oxygen Transport — Four heme subunits and physiological oxygen delivery
  9. Cooperative Oxygen Binding — T and R conformations, sigmoidal curves and the Hill description
  10. The Bohr Effect and Oxygen Release — pH, carbon dioxide and allosteric shifts in hemoglobin affinity
  11. Carbon Monoxide and Competitive Heme Binding — CO affinity, oxygen transport disruption and protein-pocket control
  12. Heme Enzymes and Oxygen Activation — Cytochrome P450, peroxidases and controlled oxidant chemistry
  13. Cytochromes in Electron-Transfer Chains — Heme redox cycling and stepwise biological electron transport
  14. Iron-Sulfur Clusters — Cluster structures, electron transfer and protein stabilization
  15. Nonheme Iron Enzymes — Iron centers that activate oxygen without a porphyrin ring
  16. Copper Proteins and Electron Transfer — Blue copper sites, copper redox chemistry and biological function
  17. Copper and Oxygen-Handling Enzymes — Multicopper oxidases and copper-dependent oxygen chemistry
  18. The Manganese Cluster in Photosynthesis — Water oxidation at the oxygen-evolving complex
  19. Zinc as a Lewis Acid in Enzymes — Carbonic anhydrase and catalytic water activation
  20. Magnesium in ATP Chemistry — Charge screening, nucleotide binding and phosphoryl transfer
  21. Calcium as a Biological Signal — Coordination changes, binding proteins and concentration pulses
  22. Alkali-Metal Ions and Membrane Transport — Sodium and potassium selectivity in channels and pumps
  23. Iron Uptake, Storage and Homeostasis — Transport proteins, ferritin and control of reactive iron
  24. Copper and Zinc Homeostasis — Chaperones, transporters and metal availability
  25. Metal Chelation in Biology and Medicine — Siderophores, ligand competition and therapeutic chelation principles
  26. Metal Toxicity and Mis-Metallation — Competition with essential metals and cellular protection mechanisms
  27. Spectroscopy of Metalloproteins — UV-visible, EPR, Mössbauer and X-ray absorption evidence
  28. Structure and Mechanism at a Metal Site — Combining crystallography, spectroscopy and kinetics without overclaiming
  29. Bioinorganic Problem-Solving Workshop — Integrated oxygen-binding, redox and metal-selectivity problems
  30. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Unit Review — Connecting metal coordination, catalysis, transport and homeostasis