Formula Sheets

25 lessons, pages 4401–4425.

  1. Using a Chemistry Formula Sheet — Choosing an equation from its assumptions, symbols and valid units
  2. SI Units and Prefixes — Base units, derived units and reliable prefix conversions
  3. Physical Constants for Chemistry — Avogadro, Faraday, gas and Boltzmann constants with their units
  4. Amount of Substance and Composition Formulae — Moles, molar mass, particle count and mass fraction
  5. Concentration Formulae — Molarity, molality, dilution and composition fractions
  6. Gas-Law Formulae — Ideal gas equation, gas mixtures and partial pressures
  7. Thermochemistry Formulae — Heat capacity, calorimetry and reaction-enthalpy cycles
  8. Entropy and Gibbs-Energy Formulae — Free energy, spontaneous direction and temperature dependence
  9. Chemical Equilibrium Formulae — Reaction quotient, equilibrium constant and free-energy connection
  10. Acid–Base Formulae — pH, Ka, Kb, Kw and buffer approximations
  11. Solubility and Precipitation Formulae — Ksp expressions, ion product and conditional solubility
  12. Reaction-Kinetics Formulae — Rate laws, half-lives and integrated first- and second-order expressions
  13. Arrhenius and Eyring Formulae — Temperature-dependent rate constants and activation parameters
  14. Electrochemistry Formulae — Cell potential, Nernst equation, charge and Faraday relations
  15. Solution and Colligative Formulae — Vapor-pressure lowering, boiling, freezing and osmotic-pressure relations
  16. Surface and Adsorption Formulae — Surface tension, Langmuir adsorption and simple interface balances
  17. Atomic and Photon Formulae — Photon energy, wavelength, frequency and hydrogen-like energy levels
  18. Spectroscopy Formulae — Beer–Lambert law, absorbance, transmittance and vibrational wavenumber
  19. Quantum Chemistry Formulae — de Broglie relation, uncertainty and expectation values
  20. Nuclear Chemistry Formulae — Exponential decay, half-life, activity and mass–energy equivalence
  21. Analytical-Chemistry Formulae — Calibration, recovery, percent error and detection concepts
  22. Statistics Formulae for Chemical Data — Mean, standard deviation, standard error and uncertainty propagation
  23. Dimensional Analysis and Unit Checks — Verifying equations by dimensions and converting common laboratory units
  24. Approximations and Their Validity — Recognizing when ideal-gas, dilute-solution and small-change formulae fail
  25. Formula Sheets: Mixed Worked Review — Choosing and checking formulae across physical and analytical chemistry