The Solid State

25 lessons, pages 2196–2220.

  1. Classifying Solids — Crystalline and amorphous arrangements with bonding classes
  2. Crystal Lattices and Basis — Repeating points, motifs and translation symmetry
  3. Unit Cell Geometry — Edges, angles and counting shared corners, faces and edges
  4. Simple Cubic Packing — Coordination, atom count and edge-radius relation
  5. Body-Centered Cubic Packing — Coordination number, atom count and body-diagonal relation
  6. Face-Centered Cubic Packing — Coordination number, atom count and face-diagonal relation
  7. Close-Packed Layers — ABC versus AB stacking and nearest-neighbor geometry
  8. Packing Efficiency — Volume fractions in simple, body-centered and close-packed cubic cells
  9. Tetrahedral and Octahedral Voids — Counting interstitial sites in close-packed lattices
  10. Ionic Crystal Structures — Rock-salt, cesium-chloride and zinc-blende coordination
  11. Radius Ratio and Coordination — Geometric guidance and limits of hard-sphere ionic models
  12. Unit-Cell Density Calculations — Using formula units, molar mass and cell volume
  13. X-Ray Diffraction Basics — Bragg relation, plane spacing and diffraction evidence
  14. Crystal Planes and Miller Indices — Intercepts and orientation labels in cubic crystals
  15. Point Defects Overview — Vacancies, interstitials and substitutional sites
  16. Schottky Defects — Paired ionic vacancies and density change
  17. Frenkel Defects — Ion displacement into an interstitial site
  18. Nonstoichiometric Defects — Excess metal, missing metal and charge compensation
  19. Impurities and Doping — Substitutional dopants and charge carriers
  20. Electrical Properties of Solids — Metals, semiconductors and insulators by mobile charges
  21. Semiconductors and p–n Types — Electron and hole carriers from controlled doping
  22. Magnetic Properties of Solids — Dia-, para-, ferro- and antiferromagnetic patterns
  23. Polymorphism and Allotropy — Multiple crystal structures and structure-property differences
  24. Crystal Defects and Material Behavior — How defects influence diffusion, strength and conductivity
  25. The Solid State: Unit Review — Connecting unit cells, packing, defects and properties