Advanced Spectroscopy

45 lessons, pages 3656–3700.

  1. The Advanced Spectroscopy Toolkit — Choosing complementary NMR, EPR, Mössbauer and Raman methods
  2. Time-Domain NMR and the Fourier Transform — Free induction decay, frequency resolution and processing
  3. NMR Relaxation: T1 and T2 — Spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation mechanisms
  4. Chemical Exchange on the NMR Timescale — Slow, intermediate and fast exchange with coalescence
  5. Dynamic NMR and Activation Barriers — Temperature-dependent line shapes and exchange kinetics
  6. The Nuclear Overhauser Effect — Through-space dipolar interactions and molecular proximity
  7. One-Dimensional Selective NMR — Selective irradiation and decoupling experiments
  8. Heteronuclear NMR Beyond Carbon-13 — Fluorine-19, phosphorus-31 and nitrogen-15 probes
  9. Solid-State NMR and Magic-Angle Spinning — Dipolar broadening, chemical-shift anisotropy and spinning
  10. NMR Pulse Sequences and Coherence — Preparation, evolution, mixing and detection periods
  11. Two-Dimensional NMR: Axes and Cross-Peaks — How an indirect evolution time creates a second frequency axis
  12. COSY: Proton–Proton Scalar Coupling — Tracing coupled proton networks through cross-peaks
  13. TOCSY: Whole Spin-System Mapping — Isotropic mixing and relayed correlations
  14. HSQC: One-Bond Heteronuclear Correlation — Connecting proton and directly attached carbon signals
  15. HMBC: Long-Range Heteronuclear Correlation — Using multiple-bond correlations to assemble fragments
  16. NOESY and ROESY — Through-space correlations, mixing times and interpretation limits
  17. DOSY: Diffusion-Ordered NMR — Separating mixture signals by translational diffusion
  18. Assigning a Molecule with 2D NMR — A stepwise COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY workflow
  19. Common 2D NMR Artefacts — Diagonal peaks, overlap, phase errors and false correlations
  20. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Principles — Unpaired electron spins and microwave resonance
  21. The EPR g Value — Resonance field, g tensor and local electronic environment
  22. Hyperfine Splitting in EPR — Electron–nucleus coupling and line multiplicities
  23. Anisotropic EPR and Powder Patterns — Orientation dependence of g and hyperfine tensors
  24. Zero-Field Splitting — Spin systems above one-half and crystal-field effects
  25. EPR of Organic Radicals — Spin delocalisation and hyperfine fingerprints
  26. EPR of Transition-Metal Complexes — Oxidation state, ligand field and spin-state clues
  27. Pulsed EPR and Distance Measurements — Echo detection and dipolar coupling between spins
  28. EPR Worked Interpretation — Extracting g and hyperfine information from a spectrum
  29. Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Recoilless Resonance — Gamma-ray absorption by nuclei embedded in solids
  30. Isomer Shift in Mössbauer Spectra — Electron density at the nucleus and oxidation-state clues
  31. Quadrupole Splitting — Electric-field gradients and non-spherical nuclear environments
  32. Magnetic Hyperfine Splitting — Internal magnetic fields and the six-line pattern
  33. Iron-57 Mössbauer Spectroscopy — Iron valence, spin state and mineral environments
  34. Mössbauer Data Interpretation — Separating isomer shift, quadrupole and magnetic contributions
  35. Limits and Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy — Isotope specificity, solids and bioinorganic examples
  36. Raman Scattering: Molecular Polarizability — Inelastic light scattering and vibrational selection rules
  37. Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman Lines — Energy shifts and thermal population information
  38. Raman and Infrared Complementarity — Mutual exclusion in centrosymmetric molecules
  39. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy — Selective enhancement near electronic absorption
  40. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering — Plasmonic hot spots and adsorption effects
  41. Raman Microscopy and Mapping — Spatially resolved chemical and materials analysis
  42. Interpreting an Advanced Raman Spectrum — Peak assignment, fluorescence interference and calibration
  43. Combining Advanced Spectroscopies — Matching structural, electronic and dynamic questions to methods
  44. Advanced Spectroscopy: Worked Problems — Integrated 2D NMR, EPR, Mössbauer and Raman reasoning
  45. Advanced Spectroscopy: Unit Review — Signals, selection rules and cross-method evidence